Linpack benchmark in DP (double precision, 64bit)
When the initial linpack was released in 1979 minicomputers like the PDP-11 (from 1970) had just moved from 16bit to 32bit with superminicomputers like the VAX-11 (1978). The supercomputer Cray-1 uses 64bit for data since 1975. By the time the TOP500 of fastest supercomputers was created in 1993 most supercomputers were using 64bit. For comparison this value is been used ever since.
64bit for normal citizens took a little longer. In 2003 AMD starts shipping the Athlon 64 processor lines with the first x86-based 64-bit processor architecture. For smartphones to move to 64bit it took until 2013 with the iPhone 5S.
Test with the Phoronix Test Suite
It can be installed in WSL or Ubuntu with:
sudo apt install php php-cli php-xml
git clone https://github.com/phoronix-test-suite/phoronix-test-suite/
cd phoronix-test-suite
sudo ./install-sh
phoronix-test-suite benchmark hpl
Speed comparison results
| CPU | MHz | FLOPS |
|---|---|---|
| ATmega328P | 16 | 94,300 |
| i7-6820HQ | 3,600 | 99,997,800,000 |
| i3-10100 | 4,038 | 132,278,500,000 |
Downloaded from https://www.techpowerup.com/download/linpack-xtreme/.
List from 2017
| Platform | CPU/MCU | Architecture | MFlops | DMIPS | MHz | RAM kB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arduino Uno R3 | ATmega328P | AVR 8bit RISC | 0.0943 | 10 | 16 | 2 |
| Embedded Pi | STM32F103RB | ARM Cortex-M3 (ARMv7-M) 32bit | 0.552 | 92 | 72 | 20 |
| Node MCU 1.0 | ESP8266 | Tensilica Xtensa LX106 32bit | 1.207 | 113 | 80 | 64 |
| Node MCU32 | ESP32s | Tensilica Xtensa LX106 32bit | 2.805 | 176 | 160 | 520 |
| NUCLEO F746ZG | STM32F746Z | ARM Cortex-M7 (ARMv7E-M) 32bit | 3.588 | 763 | 216 | 320 |
| Raspberry Pi 1B | BCM2835 | ARM1176 (v6) 32bit | 42 | 875 | 700 | 512000 |
| Raspberry Pi 2 | BCM2836 | ARM Cortex-A7 (v7-A) 32bit | 170.92 | 2019 | 900 | 1024000 |
| Raspberry Pi 3 | BCM2837 | ARM Cortex-A53 (v8-A) 32bit | 180.14 | 3039 | 1200 | 1024000 |
| LinpackDP | Dhrystone |
Read more in this article - paper ICIST 2017.
HPL by Intel
The multithread version to measure the performance of supercomputers there is the High Performance Linpack:
But you can’t just download it and make/compile the benchmark and run it. You need MPI, BLAS and VSIPL. A simple solution is to download the compiled binaries from Intel
For my i7-6820HQ it reached a maximum of 99.9978 GFlops for a size of 27000. That’s $10^{11}$.